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Enesco Béla Bartók Paul Sacher Zoltán Székely Kolisch Hungarian Quartet Budapest Quartet 1939 1941 1945 1998 2013
The String Quartet No. 6, Sz. 114, BB 119, was the final string quartet that Béla Bartók wrote before his death. It was begun in August 1939 in Saanen, Switzerland, where Bartók was a guest of his patron, the conductor Paul Sacher. Shortly after he completed the Divertimento for String Orchestra on the 17th, he started on a commission for his friend, the violinist Zoltán Székely. Székely was acting as intermediary for the "New Hungarian Quartet", who had given the Budapest premiere of the String Quartet No 5. With the outbreak of World War II and his mother's illness, Bartók returned to Budapest, where the quartet was finished in November. After his mother's death, Bartók decided to leave with his family for the United States. Due to the difficulties of the war, communication between Bartók and Székely was difficult, and the quartet was not premiered until 20 January 1941, when the Kolisch Quartet, to whom the work is dedicated, gave its premiere at the Town Hall in New York City. The work is in four movements ; each movement opens with a slow melody marked "mesto" (sadly). This material is employed for only a relatively short introduction in the first movement, but is longer in the second and longer again in the third. In the fourth movement, the mesto material, with reminiscences of the first movement material, consumes the entire movement. It can be seen from Bartók's sketches that he had intended the last movement to have a quick, Romanian folk dance-like character with an aksak rhythmic character,[5] but he abandoned this plan, whether motivated by pure compositional logic or despair at the impending death of his mother and the unfolding catastrophe of the war. In poor health and financially insecure, Bartók composed relatively little in the United States before his death in 1945, but, in the last year or so of his life, he made some sketches hypothesized to be the slow movement of a never completed seventh quartet. Recording made in 1998, with the record label "Pierre Verany" Picture : Amir Hossein Zanjani, "Blue Impression" (2013)
Bernard Ładysz Moniuszko Maria Callas Teatr Wielki 1834 1847 1865 1922 1940 1941 1947 1950 1959 1979 2012
The prominent Polish bas Bernard Ładysz was born in Vilnius, in 1922 (then it was under Polish rule and called Wilno). “Jestem szczęśliwy i dumny, że młodość przeżyłem w Wilnie; piękną młodość, jakiej życzyłbym wszystkim: śpiewy, zabawy, wódeczka, przyroda... Nie ma nic wspanialszego na świecie.” – says Ładysz. During the WWII, he took part in the antiGerman/Soviet resistance and after the war he was deported to the depth of the Soviet Union. He returned to Poland in 1947 where he completed his vocal studies that he had begun in Vilnius, in 1940-1941. Ładysz’s singing career started in the Polish Army Artistic Ensemble, then in 1950-1979 he was a soloist of Teatr Wielki in Warsaw. His international tours covered all continents, he took part in the recording of “Lucia di Lammermoore” (Columbia, 1959) together with Maria Callas. Ładysz sang roles in Faust, Don Giovanni, Don Carlos etc and also in canonical Polish operas Halka and Straszny dwór by S. Moniuszko (incidentally, the first one was written in Vilnius, in 1847). Straszny dwór (The Haunted Manor) was first performed in the Teatr Wielki, Warsaw, on 28 September 1865, and received only two more performances before being banned by the censor of the tsar of Russian Empire which controlled Poland at the time. Skołuba, one of the characters of the opera, also appears in the poem “Pan Tadeusz” (1834) written by the Lithuanian-Polish author Adam Mickiewicz. This video is illustrated with pictures from the 2012 year production of Straszny dwór in the new premises of Podlasie Opera and Philharmonic in Białystok, Poland (Białystok is a Polish town close to Lithuania).
Beethoven Carlos Kleiber Richard Wagner Haydn Vienna Philharmonic 1749 1809 1811 1812 1813 1832
Ludwig van Beethoven: Symphony No. 7 in A major, Op. 92 (with Score) Composed: 1811 - 12 Conductor: Carlos Kleiber Orchestra: Vienna Philharmonic 00:00 1. Poco sostenuto - Vivace (A major) 13:38 2. Allegretto (A minor) 21:44 3. Presto (F major) - Assai meno presto (D major) 29:59 4. Allegro con brio (A major) Ludwig van Beethoven completed this work in 1812, but withheld the first performance until December 8, 1813, in Vienna. It is scored for pairs of flutes, oboes, clarinets, bassoons, horns, and trumpets, plus timpani and string choir. 1812 was an eventful year for the very famous, seriously deafened Beethoven. July was especially noteworthy. At Teplitz he finally met Goethe +••.••(...)), but was disappointed to find (he felt) an aging courtier who was no longer a firebrand or kindred democrat; worse yet, a musical dilettante. A week before that only meeting of German giants, Beethoven had written the letter to his mysterious "immortal beloved" that was discovered posthumously in a secret drawer. Then, toward the end of the year, he meddled unbidden in the affairs of his youngest brother, Johann, who was cohabiting contentedly with a housekeeper. Somehow, he found time to compose the last of his ten sonatas for violin and piano and to complete a new pair of symphonies / the Seventh and Eighth / both begun in 1809. He introduced the Seventh at a charity concert for wounded soldiers, and repeated it four nights later by popular demand. Richard Wagner called Symphony No. 7 "the apotheosis of the dance," meaning of course to praise its Dionysian spirit. But this oxymoron stuck like feathers to hot tar, encouraging irrelevant and awkward choreography (by Isadore Duncan and Léonide Massine among others) and licensing the music appreciation racket to misinterpret Beethoven's intent as well as his content. Wholly abstract and utterly symphonic, the Seventh was his definitive break with stylistic conventions practiced by Mozart, Haydn, and a legion of lesser mortals who copied them. He stretched harmonic rules, and gave breadth to symphonic forms that Haydn and Mozart anticipated. If, in his orchestral music, Beethoven was the last Austro-German Classicist, he did point those who followed him to the path of Romanticism. While the poco sostenuto introduction begins by observing time-honored rules of harmony, within 62 measures it modulates from A major to the alien keys of C and F major, then back again! The transition from solemn 4/4 meter to 6/8 for the balance of an evergreen vivace movement (in sonata form) further exemplifies Beethoven's conceptual stretch. Coming from the 20-minute funeral march of his earlier Eroica Symphony, Beethoven created an allegretto "slow" movement. He established a funerary mood (without its being specifically elegiac) through the repetition of a 2/4 rhythmic motif in A minor, the most somber key of the tempered scale. A minor serves more than an expressive function, moreover; it readies us for the reappearance of F major in a tumultuous five-part Scherzo marked Presto. Two trios go slower (assai meno presto), in D major / a long distance harmonically in 1812 from the work's A major tonic. The beginning of a third trio turns into a short coda capped by five fortissimo chords. A major finally returns in the final movement. Here more than anywhere else in his orchestral music, Beethoven became a race-car driver. As in the "slow" movement, the rhythm is 2/4, but sonata-form replaces ABA. And there's a grand coda longer than the exposition, the development, or the reprise, which, furthermore, begins in B minor! But modulations bring it back to A major in time for a heart-pounding final lap with the accelerator pressed to the floor. ((http•••)
Aagaard Oestvig Zemlinsky Hoffmann Maria Rajdl Berg Richard Strauss Schein Staatsoper Bayerische Staatsoper Deutsche Oper Berlin Staatsoper Stuttgart Theater Basel Carltheater 1889 1914 1919 1922 1926 1927 1930 1933 1942 1944 1946 1968
Karl Aagaard Oestvig +••.••(...)) was a Norwegian tenor whose brief career took him to many of the major operatic stages of Central Europe. Born Carl August Engelhard Aagaard-Østvig in Oslo, he received his musical and vocal training in Germany, primarily at Cologne’s Hochschule für Musik. After completing his studies, Oestvig received a contract from Staatsoper Stuttgart, where he made his debut in 1914. The following year, he created the roles of the Lay Brother and Giovanni de Salviati in the world premiere of Max von Schilling’s Mona Lisa. During his five years with the Staatsoper, Oestvig (he had abandoned Østvig in favor of a more Germanic stage name) sang a variety of roles and made guest appearances at the Theater Basel and the Bayerische Staatsoper. In 1919, the tenor accepted a contract with the Vienna Staatsoper. In October of that same year, Oestvig created the role of the Emperor in the world premiere of Strauss’ Die Frau Ohne Schatten. Three years later, he sang the title role in Zemlinsky’s Der Zwerg at its Vienna premiere. The tenor became a favorite of Viennese audiences, singing such roles as Manrico in Il Trovatore, Pinkerton in Madama Butterfly, Cavaradossi in Tosca and the title role in Les Contes d’Hoffmann. In 1926, Oestvig was invited to appear in an operetta at Vienna’s Carltheater. The Staatsoper refused to let the tenor accept the contract, which led to tremendous tension with the management. Oestvig, who had previously been allowed to accept concert engagements throughout Europe and North America, considered the management’s reaction unreasonable and resigned from the Staatsoper. He appeared in Budapest and Hamburg before accepting a contract with Deutsche Oper Berlin in 1927. Oestvig spent three years with the company but by this point, his voice was noticeably deteriorating. His contract was allowed to quietly expire in 1930, after which he relocated to Dresden. In the fall of 1930, Oestvig sailed to North America for a series of performances in Chicago. In October of the following year, he crossed the Atlantic for the last time for appearances in Buenos Aires and New York. Oestvig returned to the Deutsche Oper Berlin for one final performance in 1933 and retired from the stage at the early age of 44. Following his departure from the opera world, Oestvig spent the rest of the 1930s working as a voice teacher and opera coach along with his second wife, soprano Maria Rajdl. The war years were particularly troubling for Oestvig. Although he accepted a position as stage director with The National Theatre of Oslo in 1942, this was during the German occupation, a particularly turbulent time in the theater’s history. Audiences often boycotted the company’s performances and rumors circulated that Oestvig was a Nazi sympathizer. The ex-tenor’s 19 year old son, up and coming film actor Karl Aagaard Østvig, Jr., was killed on the Eastern front on Christmas Day, 1944. After the war, Oestvig was labeled a Nazi collaborator and stripped of his post with the theater. That same year (1946), the National Theatre’s director, Gustav Berg-Jæger, was arrested and imprisoned as a Nazi collaborator. Despite his protestations, the tenor was also imprisoned, albeit briefly. Following his release (and, it would seem, exoneration), returned to his home in Oslo. Embittered by his experiences, the aging singer withdrew from public life and concentrated on teaching and coaching for the final two decades of his life. Oestvig passed away in Oslo on July 21, 1968 at the age of 79. Karl Aagaard Oestvig is still considered one of the greatest tenors that Norway ever produced. He began his career in lyric roles but was quickly lured into the Wagnerian repertoire, taking on such roles as Parsifal, Siegmund and Tannhäuser. Although he possessed a baritonal timbre from the beginning, the assumption of such dramatic roles at so early an age may not have been a wise choice. By the time he reached his early 30s, Oestvig’s voice had begun to thicken and a noticeable wobble crept into his tone. At 44, his singing days were over, perhaps providing a lesson illustrating the perils of succumbing to the temptation of too heavy a repertoire. In spite of his later vocal issues, Oestvig was greatly admired by Richard Strauss for his portrayals of Bacchus in Ariadne auf Naxos and the Emperor in Die Frau Ohne Schatten. The tenor also excelled in such roles as Canio in Pagliacci, Max in Jonny Spielt Auf, Don José in Carmen, Pedro in Tiefland, Walther in Die Meistersinger and the title role in Lohengrin. His catalogue of recordings is small, consisting of all too few titles made during the early 1920s for The Gramophone Company in Berlin. These discs showcase a dark, robust instrument, probably a full spinto by nature, with an impressive lower and middle range. Here, Oestvig sings the Preislied, “Morgenlich leuchtend im rosigen Schein” from Wagner’s Die Meistersinger. This recording was made in Berlin in 1922.
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